畅想古代:卢浮宫的18世纪艺术盛宴
发起人:artinfochina  回复数:1   浏览数:2132   最后更新:2011/02/25 21:36:52 by guest
[楼主] artinfochina 2011-01-14 02:19:56
原文连接http://cn.artinfo.com/2011/01/12/dreaming-antiquity-louvre



















ARTINFO CHINA巴黎报道——整个18世纪在艺术史上的地位相当重要,不仅因为它的艺术产量,也因当时艺术机构的发展以及美学理论的完善。卢浮宫也在1793年的大革命中变成了博物馆,现在,它正在举办一个意在探讨其诞生的那个世纪,名为“畅想古代”(L'Antiquité Rêvée,)的展览。展览意在检验新古典主义中那些相互矛盾的观念以及这些观念在那个时期的艺术生产中所扮演的角色。

该展览由卢浮宫馆长亨利·卢瓦雷特(Henri Loyrette)和法兰西学院院士马克·弗马洛利(Marc Fumaroli)共同策划,共展出150件作品,显出触目可及的整个世纪的庞大阵势。策展人给予展览一种成熟的阐述:1783年,庞贝古城及赫库兰尼姆古城的发现使整个艺术界感到震惊,并激发了一场基于古典理想的美学运动。批评家如温克尔曼(Johann Joachim Winckelmann,被认为是写就了第一部艺术史的人)拒绝流行于路易十五时期浮夸的洛可可艺术风格,主张艺术应该用一种简单的线条来强调人类形体的美感。温克尔曼发表于1755年的《关于绘画及雕塑中对于希腊作品的模仿(Thoughts on the Imitation of Greek Works in Painting and Sculpture)》是一部影响深远的著作,它点燃了人们对于古代遗迹的兴趣,这种古代遗迹遍及整个欧洲,从巴黎到罗马,从伦敦到圣彼得堡。

然而,在狄德罗的《沙龙(Salons)》中,他嘲讽了温克尔曼所坚持的对与古典样式的模仿说,他写到:“任何蔑视自然却喜欢那些古迹的人都冒着创作不出任何不琐碎的、弱的、不足道的东西的危险”。“畅想古代”展也将展示那些批评新古典主义狂热的艺术家们的作品,这些艺术家们将自己视为巴洛克传统的继承者。他们用一种几近鲁莽的表达法以及大胆的用色对那些古老的主题做出了自己的阐释。弗拉戈纳尔(Fragonard)用一种明亮的光及充满神秘色彩的、具有一种戏剧姿态的人物来绘制一个场景。相似的动机我们也能在托马斯·邦克斯(Thomas Banks)的一尊关于一个泰坦神戏剧般的坠落的雕塑中,或是弗朗西斯科·戈雅(Francisco de Goya)用一种狂野的,重金色的颜料去描绘汉尼拔的胜利中看到。

在最后的阶段,新古典主义带来了一种寓意画中的关于战争的壮美。这种寓意画保持了自己对肌体力量和美的强烈关注。这方面的大师当属雅克·路易·大卫(Jacques-Louis David),他曾在1785年创作了一幅描绘3个极富男子汉气概的兄弟的作品《贺拉斯兄弟之盟(The Oath of the Horatii)》。大卫等艺术家描绘英雄的牺牲和共和之理想,仿佛预示着革命之剧即将上演。一件创作于1795年的作品是大卫全部作品中相当别样的:一个被她所爱的丘比特所抛弃的孤独绝望的普绪喀的裸体形象,艺术家似乎有意使作品处于一种未完成状态,从而赋予了它一种空灵飘渺。而一般而言,这种情形不会出现在严格的新古典主义艺术家那里。


[沙发:1楼] guest 2011-02-25 21:36:52
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